People hit family members because they can Essay

People hit family members because they can - Essay Example Consider a couple named Chet and Margorie that had been married for ten years. Oftentimes Chet is a very domineering husband and many times has hit and abused his wife because he believed she did not do an adequate job of cleaning the house. While it’s easy to consider that Chet is just a violent person, one must also consider what would occur if Chet had a janitor that did not properly clean his office. In these regards, it seems clear that Chet would not attack the janitor. While Chet’s exact motivations are not easily discernable, Jacobson (1998) indicates that spousal abuse is oftentimes linked to dysfunctional relationship patterns and modes of communication within the household. Markowitz (2000) also indicates that spousal abuse more readily occurs, or is deemed ‘acceptable’ as compared to public violence, as the abuser is able to rely on the abused person’s emotional or financial dependence to ensure they will not receive punishment. In these regards, the abused person is often unable to leave or inform the authorities about the abuse because they rely on the abuser for their survival. While the earlier instance considers spousal abuse, family abuse also occurs in other forms. Consider the instance of David and Marie.

Continuum of care for maternal,newborn,and child health in Australia Essay - 1

Continuum of care for maternal,newborn,and child health in Australia - Essay Example The failure of the maternal health usually leads to the death of the infants (World Health Organization, 2013, p. 67). The death of the mother denies the infant the maternal care, which is essential in the growth and development of the child. Additionally, the mothers who fall sick during pregnancy are at risk of infecting their children. Therefore, the pregnant mothers ought to be offered antenatal healthcare services for the welfare of both the mother and the child. Australian maternal care involves skilled birth professionals. Guenther and Vittori (2008, p. 79) claim that the engagement of skilled personnel in midwifery prevents newborn and mother deaths during delivery. The offered health care services also enhance access to nutritious food for the children, which helps the children gain natural immunity against a wide array of diseases (Palmer and Short, 2010, p. 36). The Australian medical authority also has programs, which enlighten mothers on better and hygienic practices of caring for children. According to Lewis (2009, p.83), the maternal healthcare services enable the children to receive early preventive healthcare against diseases like malaria, tetanus, polio and pneumonia. Ideal healthcare services also guarantee exclusive breastfeeding, which affords the children with antibodies (Hally, 2008, p. 57). The antibodies are instrumental in the natural protection of the children from many infections. The healthcare for the mothers and children in Australia incorporates oral rehydration. The rehydration is fundamental in preventing diarrhea

Icici Bank Is The Second Largest Bank Marketing Essay

Icici Bank Is The Second Largest Bank Marketing Essay In my term paper I had to discuss 7ps of ICICI bank. 7ps means what the marketing mix they used for promoting their products. It is usually a strategies used by icici bank for promoting their products, or we can say that for promoting their sales. As we know ICICI (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) is largest private sector bank by market capitalization and second largest overall in term off assets. The growth of the ICICI over the years has proved repeatedly the ability of the institution in adopting new technologies and products. It is through its ability to nourish new products and services that the institution has become a household name in a very short span of time.  ICICI Bank decided to target Indias burgeoning middle class and corporates by offering a high level of customer service and efficiency that rivaled the foreign banks, on a much larger scale, at a lower cost. ICICI offer very services which is very good in comparison to other banks. Credit cards services of ICICI bank are also very good as comparison of other banks. In my term paper I also compare ICICI with HDFC and AXIS bank. INTRODUCTION TO ICICI BANK: ICICI Bank  (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) is  Indias largest  private sector  bank  by market capitalisation  and second largest overall in terms of assets. Total assets of Rs. 3,562.28 billion (US$ 77 billion) at December 31, 2009 and profit after tax Rs. 30.19 billion (US$ 648.8 million) for the nine months ended December 31, 2009. The Bank also has a network of 1,700+ branches (as on 31 March, 2010) and about 4,721 ATMs in India and presence in 18 countries, as well as some 24 million customers (at the end of July 2007). ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and specialised subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. ICICI Bank is also the largest issuer of credit cards in India. ICICI Bank has got its equity shares listed on the stock exchanges at  Kolkata  and  Vadodara,  Mumbai  and the  National Stock Exchange of India Limited, and its  ADRs  on the  New York Stock Exchange  (NYSE). The Bank is expanding in overseas markets and has the largest international balance sheet among Indian banks. ICICI Bank now has wholly-owned subsidiaries, branches and representatives offices in 18 countries, including an offshore unit in Mumbai. This includes wholly owned subsidiaries in Canada, Russia and the UK, offshore banking units in Bahrain and Singapore, an advisory branch in Dubai, branches in Belgium, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka, and representative offices in Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates and USA. Overseas, the Bank is targeting the NRI (Non-Resident Indian) population in particular. ICICI reported a 1.15% rise in net profit to Rs. 1,014.21 crore on a 1.29% increase in total income to Rs. 9,712.31 crore in Q2 September 2008 over Q2 September 2007. The banks current and savings account (CASA) ratio increased to 30% in 2008 from 25% in 2007. Sensing an untapped opportunity, ICICI Bank decided to target Indias burgeoning middle class and corporates by offering a high level of customer service and efficiency that rivalled the foreign banks, on a much larger scale, at a lower cost. ICICI has around 27 subsidiaries. Of course, the most prominent and most successful among them is the ICICI bank.ICICI Bank is one of the  Big Four Banks  of India with  State Bank of India,  Axis Bank  and  HDFC Bank. 7 PS OF ICICI BANK PRODUCT MIX 1. DEPOSITS ICICI Bank offers wide variety of Deposit Products to suit our requirements. Coupled with convenience of networked branches/ over 1800 ATMs and facility of E-channels like Internet and Mobile Banking, ICICI Bank brings banking at your doorstep. Savings Account: ICICI Bank offers a power packed Savings Account with a host of convenient features and banking channels to transact through. Senior Citizen Services: The Senior Citizen Services from ICICI Bank has several advantages that are tailored to bring more convenience and enjoyment in your life. Young Stars: Its really important to help children learn the value of finances and money management at an early age. Banking is a serious business, but we make banking a pleasure and at the same time children learn how to manage their personal finances. Fixed Deposits: Safety, Flexibility, Liquidity and Returns!!!! A combination of unbeatable features of the Fixed Deposit from ICICI Bank. Recurring Deposits: Through ICICI Bank Recurring Deposit you can invest small amounts of money every month that ends up with a large saving on maturity. So you enjoy twin advantages- affordability and higher earnings. Roaming Current Account: Only Roaming Current Account from ICICI Bank travels the distance with your business. You can access your accounts at over 500 networked branches across the country. Bank @ Campus: Thanks to [emailprotected], child can now surf the Net and access all the details of his / her account at the click of a mouse! No need to visit the bank branch at all. ICICI Bank Salary Account: is a benefit-rich payroll account for Employers and Employees. As an organization, you can opt for our Salary Accounts to enable easy disbursements of salaries and enjoy numerous other benefits too. 2. INVESTMENTS Along with Deposit products and Loan offerings, ICICI Bank assists you to manage your finances by providing various investment options such as: ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds Government of India Bonds Investment in Mutual Funds Initial Public Offers by Corporate Investment in Pure Gold Foreign Exchange Services Senior Citizens Savings Scheme, 2004 3. ANYWHERE BANKING ICICI Bank is the second largest bank in the country. It services a customer base of more than 5 million customer accounts through a multi-channel access network. This includes more than 500 branches and extension counters, over 1800 ATMs, Call Centre and Internet Banking. Thus, one can access the various services ICICI Bank has to offer at anytime, anywhere and from anyplace. 4. LOAN a) Home Loans b) Personal Loans c) Car Loans d) Two Wheeler Loans e) Commercial Vehicle Loans f) Loans against Securities g) Farm Equipment Loans h) Construction Equipment Loans i) Office Equipment Loans j) Medical Equipment Loans 5. CARDS a) Credit Card b) Debit cum ATM Card c) Travel Card d) VBV (VERIFY BY VISA): Verified by Visa (VBV)  is a new service from VISA that lets us shop securely online with our existing Visa  Credit card. Usable only on Verified by Visa sites, this service through a simple checkout process, confirms our identity when we make purchases. e) Master Card Securecode: MasterCard ®Ã‚  SecureCodeà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  is an easy to use, secured online payment service from ICICI Bank that lets you shop securely online with your existing ICICI Bank MasterCard ®Ã‚  Credit Card. This service through a simple checkout process, confirms your identity when you make purchases on the Internet. f) American express card: With ICICI Bank American Express Credit Card just shop online as you normally would and then enter your correct card information and billing address. We would validate the billing address that we provide with our records and authenticate our transaction. Its that simple and helps in safeguarding our online transaction.If we are unsure what is our billing address on record with us, simply call our 24-hour Customer Care numbers given on the back of the card for a quick check. 6. DEMAT SERVICES ICICI Bank Demat Services boasts of an ever-growing customer base of over 7 lacs account holders. In their continuous endeavor to offer best of the class services to our customers we offer the following features: Digitally signed transaction statement by e-mail. Corporate benefit tracking. e-Instruction facility facility to transfer securities 24 hours a day, 7 days a week through Internet Interactive Voice Response (IVR) at a lower cost. Dedicated specially trained customer care executives at their call centre, to handle all queries. 7. MOBILE BANKING With ICICI Bank, banking is no longer what it used to be. ICICI Bank offers Mobile Banking facility to all its Bank, Credit Card and Demat customers. ICICI Bank Mobile Banking enables you to bank while being on the move. 8. NRI SERVICES ONLINE MONEY TRANSFER facility available to NRIs worldwide through www.money2India.com at the click of a button! Benefits: FREE Money transfers into accounts with over 30 banks in India Demand Drafts issued and payable at over 1250 locations in India ONLINE Tracking of the status of your funds SUPERIOR Exchange rates OFFLINE MONEY TRANSFER facility is also available across geographies through our local branches and in association with partner banks/ exchange houses. PRICING MIX The pricing decisions or the decisions related to interest and fee or commission charged by ICICI are found instrumental in motivating or influencing the target market. The RBI and the IBA are concerned with regulations. The rate of interest is regulated by the RBI and other charges are controlled by IBA. The pricing policy of a bank is considered important for raising the number of customers vis-à  -vis the accretion of deposits. Also the quality of service provided has direct relationship with the fees charged. Thus while deciding the price mix customer services rank the top position. The ICICI bank has to frame two- fold strategies. First, the strategy is concerned with interest and fee charged and the second strategy is related to the interest paid. Since both the strategies throw a vice- versa impact, it is important that ICICI bank attempt to establish a correlation between two. It is essential that both the buyers as well as the sellers have feeling of winning. Pricing ICICI Bank Products Starts With Three Basic Questions. 1. What rate does the bank need to meet its financial objectives? The answer is, it depends. Some considerations for loan and deposit pricing are: ROA or ROE objectives Related income taxes Earning assets to total assets Equity-to-asset ratio Cost to service earning assets being funded or deposits funding an earning asset Pricing for the activities and risks associated with the product Rate tiers based on product balances Asset and liability mix Another element to consider in the pricing of earning assets is the risk of loss. Most notably, this is relevant in loan pricing. Many banks assign a risk weighting to individual loans over a certain size or based on loan type and assign a credit risk charge based on those ratings. Customer relationships are difficult to assign a value to in the pricing process. Customers will generally press for some price concessions in consideration of other relationships they have with the bank. Asset and liability mix also impacts pricing results. Generally speaking, banks operating with higher loan-to-asset ratios are able to afford to pay more for deposits. Likewise, banks can afford to be more competitive on certain deposit products if they have fewer maturities in a particular timeframe or less total outstanding balances in a product line. 2. What is the market rate for the core product? Customers have more distribution channels available to them today than at any other point in history. In the past 10 years, the number of bank locations has increased 20%. Of course, there are the mortgage bankers, the Internet, and a host of other financial service providers competing for your customers loan and deposit business. The point is, the competitive marketplace always ensures that if a financial institution is charging too much for loans or paying too little for deposits, its share of the market will likely dwindle as existing and prospective customers find alternative providers. You can do all the math you want to determine required pricing points, but if your pricing is uncompetitive, your market share will shrink. 3. What would the bank have to do to sales and operations to make its rates the most competitive in its market? Pricing is a key issue for the associates who sell bank products to your customers. The fact is, lenders want the lowest rates, and people dealing with depositors want to pay the highest rates. You need the right balance of fee income, strategies to reduce operating costs, and a healthy asset and liability mix to change your required pricing. PLACE This component of marketing mix is related to the offering of services. The services are sold through the branches. The 2 important decision making areas are: making available the promised services to the ultimate users and selecting a suitable place for bank branches. The number of branches OF ICICI: 1900 in India and 33 in Mumbai. What attract peoples for choosing ICICI? The selection of a suitable place for the establishment of a branch is significant with the view point of making place accessible. The safety and security provisions a Convenient to both the parties, such as the users and the bankers Infrastructure facility Near to station and located on s. v. road well crowded area. Market coverage PROMOTION MIX Advertising: Television, radio, movies, theatres Print media: hoardings, newspaper, magazines Publicity: road shows, campus visits, sandwich man, Sponsorship Sales promotion: gifts, discount and commission, incentives, etc. Personal selling: Cross-sale (selling at competitors place),personalized service Telemarketing: ICICI one source Call center (mind space) PROCESS Flow of activities: all the major activities of ICICI banks follow RBI guidelines. There has to be adherence to certain rules and principles in the banking operations. The activities have been segregated into various departments accordingly. Standardization: ICICI bank has got standardized procedures got typical transactions. In fact not only all the branches of a single-bank, but all the banks have some standardization in them. This is because of the rules they are subject to. Besides this, each of the banks has its standard forms, documentations etc. Standardization saves a lot of time behind individual transaction. Customization: There are specialty counters at each branch to deal with customers of a particular scheme. Besides this the customers can select their deposit period among the available alternatives. Number of steps: numbers of steps are usually specified and a specific pattern is followed to minimize time taken. Simplicity: in ICICI banks various functions are segregated. Separate counters exist with clear indication. Thus a customer wanting to deposit money goes to deposits counter and does not mingle elsewhere. This makes procedures not only simple but consume less time. Besides instruction boards in national boards in national and regional language help the customers further. Customer involvement: ATM does not involve any bank employees. Besides, during usual bank transactions, there is definite customer involvement at some or the other place because of the money matters and signature requires. PHYSICAL EVIDENCES Physical evidence is the material part of a service. Strictly speaking there are no physical attributes to a service, so a consumer tends to rely on material cues. There are many examples of physical evidence, including some of the following: Internet/web pages Paperwork Brochures Furnishings Business cards The building itself (such as prestigious offices or scenic headquarters) The physical evidences also include signage, reports, punch lines, other tangibles, employees dress code etc. Signage: each and every bank has its logo by which a person can identify the company. Thus such signages are significant for creating visualization and corporate identity. Financial reports: The Companys financial reports are issued to the customers to emphasis or credibility. Tangibles: bank gives pens, writing pads to the internal customers. Even the passbooks, chequebooks, etc reduce the inherent intangibility of services. Punch lines: punch lines or the corporate statement depict the philosophy and attitude of the bank. Banks have influential punch lines to attract the customers. Employees dress code: ICICI bank follows a dress code for their internal customers. This helps the customers to feel the ease and comfort. THE PEOPLE All people directly or indirectly involved in the consumption of banking services are an important part of the extended marketing mix. Knowledge Workers, Employees, Management and other Consumers often add significant value to the total product or service offering. It is the employees of a bank which represent the organisation to its customers. In a bank organization, employees are essentially the contact personnel with customer. Therefore, an employee plays an important role in the marketing operations of a service organisation. To realize its potential in bank marketing, ICICI become conscious in its potential in internal marketing the attraction, development, motivation and retention of qualified employee-customers through need meeting job-products. Internal marketing paves way for external marketing of services. In internal marketing a variety of activities are used internally in an active, marketing like manner and in a coordinated way. The starting point in internal marketing is that the employees are the first internal market for the organization. The basic objective of internal marketing is to develop motivated and customer conscious employees. A service company can be only as good as its people. A service is a performance and it is usually difficult to separate the performance from the people. If the people dont meet customers expectations, then neither does the service. Therefore, investing in people quality in service business means investing in product quality. COMPARISON OF ICICI WITH OTHER BANKS: ICICI bank market capitalization is more then other banks. It has market capitalization is 105,709.63 cr, while HDFC is 91,326.65 cr and AXIS bank is 91,326.65 cr. ICICI has net interest income is 25,706.93 cr, which is higher then other banks. While net interest income of HDFC is 16,172.91 cr and AXIS bank is 11,638.02 cr. Net profit of ICICI bank is 4,024.98 cr, which is again higher then other banks. While net profit of HDFC is 2,948.69 cr and AXIS bank net profit is 2,514.53 cr. Total assets of ICICI bank are 379,300.96 cr, which is higher then other banks. While total assets of HDFC bank is 183,270.78 cr and total assets of AXIS bank is 147,722.06 cr. ICICI banks headquarters in Mumbai is vary huge, then other bank headquarters. In the past two years, the bank has spent Rs 185 crore on advertising and publicity (In comparison, HDFC has spent Rs 100 crore). HDFC Banks retail deposits are about Rs 23,000 crore (Rs 230 billion). Even in home loans, ICICI Bank commands 30 per cent of the market, having eaten into housing finance pioneer, HDFCs share. ICICI Bank has issued 3 million credit cards that is more than twice the number of HDFC Banks credit card users. However, industry observers point out that ICICI Banks effective users for credit cards may not be high. As a result of its perceptive branch strategy, ICICI Bank has acquired more than five million internet, mobile and telephone banking customers, i.e. much greater then HDFC and AXIS bank. ICICI strategy for promotion of financial inclusion: ICICI Bank has taken up specific initiatives to ramp up financial literacy as well as intermediation to the underserved and under banked segments in both rural and urban areas. ICICI Banks financial intermediation models, both through the microfinance institutions and business correspondents have been designed to build a repository of information with regard to financial behaviour of the customers. ICICI Banks Financial Intermediation Models: With focus on low-income segments, ICICI Bank has come up with innovative delivery channels: Microfinance ICICI Bank works closely with MFIs and NGOs to adapt its products to suit consumer needs. Two innovative models have helped achieve scale in serving the low-income household: a) Partnership Model being implemented with NGOs and MFIs: Under this model ICICI Bank forges an alliance with existing MFIs wherein the MFI undertakes the promotional role of identifying, training and promoting the micro-finance clients and the ICICI Bank finances the clients directly on the recommendation of the MFI, so the customer and portfolio resides in the Banks book. b) Securitisation of Portfolios of MFIs: Under this model ICICI Bank buys out portfolios from MFIs. The MFI continues to service the clients and acts as the collection agent. Here again, the MFI shares the credit risk with the Bank. A variant of the securitisation model is on-tap securitisation, wherein the MFI receives an advance purchase consideration to create a portfolio of loans that could then be periodically sold to ICICI Bank. Technology The Bank has been actively looking at technology solutions to scale up the micro finance portfolio. Further, the Bank has been considering adopting a Core Banking System (CBS) for managing the loan portfolio generated under the partnership model. In this regard, the Bank has found an able partner in FINO to provide technology solutions to the micro finance sector. The technology solution comprises of core banking and smart card systems. In light of the technology solutions available through FINO, the Bank has designed a new process for delivering loans under the partnership model. Some of the key aspects where a strong technology platform will add value to the micro finance operations include reduction in transaction cost; better data management and reporting capacities and capability to interface with multiple peripherals, etc. This will also enable enhanced disclosure and transparency in the operations of MFIs, setting a platform for robust securitisation / buyout opportunities to meet the priority sector lending objectives of the regulator. Business Correspondent In line with the RBI guidelines ICICI Bank employs Business Correspondent (BC) model to extend financial services, especially the much-needed savings services to rural customers. In the pilot stage, the transactions by BC are being done with the help of an e-Passbook and an Authentication Device (AD). The e-Passbook can display and store the customer KYC information, customer account details and the transactions in each account. It also has a unique feature of biometric authentication by the way of fingerprints, thereby mitigating the risk related to PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the rural scenario. ADs provide Customer interface with user-friendly menu options, enabling transactions. An authorized operator is enrolled by capturing the fingerprints of all the 10 fingers to mitigate fraud risk, can operate each AD. The transaction is recorded on the AD, which at specific intervals would be uploaded and updated in the Banks system through a normal telephone line, which is a widely available infrastructure even in remote rural areas. Further connectivity through GSM and CDA would also be made possible to ensure that the transaction details are updated in the Banks system at higher frequency. Multiple products ICICI Bank offers a complete suite of products and services to meet the individual financial requirements of customer segments. Savings, investments and insurance products are made available to its rural and agri customer base. The Bank also offers microfinance services to low-income households and crop loans, farm equipment loans, commodity based loans to farmers. Hybrid channels ICICI Bank employs delivery channels backed by technological innovations to achieve scale and outreach in a sustainable manner. The Banks channel architecture includes branch and non-branch channels. Branches act as a business hub providing banking services on the one hand, while facilitating the fulfilment of products that have been sourced by the business facilitators and business correspondents. Non-branch channels are of two types, business facilitators and business correspondents.

Essay --

With reference to no more than four art works, discuss the state of public art in Singapore or any one in SE Asian country. Does it integrate into its physical environment or otherwise? What function does it perform? Introduction on Public Art According to Wikipedia, public art refers to works of art in any media with the specific intention of being situated or staged in the physical public domain. In other words, they are known as artworks that are displayed anywhere in public; in an indoor or outdoor setting. These artworks are carefully planned and executed so that they compliment and integrate with its physical environment. According to Henry Moore (XXXX), displaying sculptures outdoors is best because the artwork is able to relate to the sky, rather than trees, buildings, and people because these elements may cause conflict in the artwork’s interest which will definitely lose its true meaning. In relation to the sky, only then will the public be able to contrast infinity with reality so that they are able to discover the artist’s true intention behind the artwork without making a comparison. Public art may come across to the general public as a form of physical engagement. The notion of â€Å"can see, can touch† of accessible artworks as compared to the artworks displayed in museums which is usually, in a rather controlled setting. Public art breaks that rigidity and restricted boundaries. These artworks are usually aesthetically pleasing as they humanize and provide a touch of decor to the physical environment, thereby invigorating public spaces. It provides an engaging intersection between the past, present and future across various ideas and disciplines. Public art also reflects the country’s public history and evolving cult... ...t. It activates the public’s imagination and it encourages them to pay close attention to the artwork in the physical environment. It transforms a city or country through public spaces, into something more vibrant and interesting with the expression of the artists’ imagination. Carefully conceived public art installations are able to capture the eye and mind of public walking through the public spaces. It allows the public to experience and celebrate the essence of rich connections to the history yet at the same time, it helps to define & reach out to the community within the community itself through the conceptual idea behind the artwork. Such example will be, Goh Yixiu’s site-specific installation with raffia string entitled â€Å"Paranoia†. Vito Acconci quoted, â€Å"If you want change, you must be prepared to think differently. The function of public art is to de-design†.

Medea shows that seeking revenge undermines any hope of justice Essay

The brutal course of revenge which Medea exacts on Jason may suggest that in the pursuit of revenge, one render any prospect of attaining justice to be void. However in an indirect way, Medea’s course of revenge which implicates the lives of innocents, exerts a punishment on her. Ultimately, the fact that Medea is not directly subjected to a punishment for her extreme course of her revenge is attributable to her ancestry – she is the grand-daughter of the Sun-God. This nullifies any suggestion that seeking revenge overthrows the likelihood of justice, as Medea’s divine circumstances are an anomaly. Thereby, this outcome of her ploy of revenge is not representative of the outcome which an identical course of revenge would yield for an ordinary citizen in Ancient Greece. On a superficial and simplistic level, the success of Medea’s course of revenge suggests that justice has been attained, as we witness the rightful downfall of Jason. Jason’s betrayal of Medea in the form of his abandonment, results in the breaking of the oath he pledged to Medea and the Gods. Thus, in adherence to the notion of divine justice, that the Gods will exact justice on those who commit unnatural deeds, Jason deserves a calamitous punishment for the breaking of this oath to the Gods and Medea, who â€Å"never did him wrong†. Through achieving revenge on Jason in the most effective manner possible, via murdering their children and his wife, Medea inflicts this just punishment on Jason. However, on a more profound level, Medea’s immoderate course of revenge instills within the audience a sense that her course of revenge has been essentially counter-productive to achieving true justice. In her pursuit of revenge, Medea murders her innocent children, indicating that she has committed an indisputably barbaric injustice, while seeking to exert justice on Jason. To a lesser extent, this also applies to Glauce and Creon. Although they have been involved in Jason’s abandonment of Medea through implicitly condoning it, Medea’s murder of these two is also unwarranted and unjustifiable. Yet, despite committing these gross injustices, the play concludes without any direct form of divine justice being exerted on Medea. To the contrary, Medea receives assistance in fleeing Corinth. To a certain extent justice is indirectly inflicted on Medea for her excessive course of revenge, pertaining particularly to the murders of her children. It noticeable intensifies Medea’s plight, suggesting that a punishment is derived on Medea. Prior to committing these barbaric deeds, Medea recognises that they will cause her to â€Å"endure guilt, however horrible.† Medea’s desire for the continued presence of her children shows that she maintains a compassionate nature towards her children, affirming that Medea’s murder of her children will be to the detriment of her enduring quality of life. This is confirmed by Medea’s complete agreement with Jason’s view that the murders of their children cause Medea â€Å"to suffer too, my loss is yours [Medea’s] no less. â€Å"Medea’s association with the gods by her ancestry, refutes the widespread applicability of the notion that revenge cannot succeed in terms of forming true justice. Medea is the grand-daughter of the Sun-God. This is shown most emphatically in the manner in which Medea murders Glauce. Medea perpetrates the murder of Glauce through engulfing her in flames. Similarly, she exhibits an affiliation with the god Zeus, and the god of the underworld, â€Å"Queen Hecate †¦ my chosen accomplish.† This affiliation is pivotal to why a punishment is not directly exerted on Medea by the gods for the injustices she commits whilst perpetrating her ploy for revenge on Jason. Thus, informing us that for an ordinary citizen in Ancient Greece, such an unscathed outcome would not be possible. It forces us to realise that the outcome of Medea does not conclusively show that seeking revenge through immoderate means leads to a failure to achieve true justice. In many ways, Medea’s departure from Corinth within a chariot provided by the Gods, despite the callous deeds she has committed in exacting revenge on Jason, suggests that the pursuit of revenge occurs at the expense of the formation of genuine justice. However, we must be cautious to accept this misguided suggestion, due to Medea’s rare circumstance of divine attributes, which enables her to be vindicated by the Gods for her merciless deeds perpetrated whilst exerting justice on Jason. References:Euripides, Medea

Comparing Leonardo Da Vinci with Michelangelo Essay

Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti were, and still are considered to be two of the greatest minds, even geniuses of the Renaissance. But which one is more of a genius than the other? Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 15th, 1452, son to a notary called Ser Piero. Ser Pier has sex with a woman called Catarina, which resulted in her pregnancy. For a believed reason that Catarina was the Daughter of a farmer, they never got married. Ser Pier later married another woman, when he was 25, which is the time Leonardo was born. As for Michelangelo, he was born on March 6, 1475, to a father called Ludovico, and a mother named Francesca, who was not capable of taking care of him. She sent her son to a family of stone cutters, and whose wife became Michelangelo’s mother. His real mother Francesca died when he was only six years old. Both Michelangelo and Da Vinci lived hard lives, and received little care from their parents. The two distinctive artists, have many things they share in common, amongst background, interests, and accomplishments, however, they also have many differences, which makes each one diverse from the other, and finally confirm that Leonardo Da Vinci has idiosyncratic qualities, making him more of a genius than Michelangelo. Although there is a twenty three year gap between both Italian artists, they both have many common qualities. Leonardo’s first works of art were paintings, and were made at the age of seventeen, one of which is called â€Å"Ginevra de Benci†. In this magnificent painting he drew a portrait a young woman, with an amazing background of a huge trees, and then behind those, a bridge, and an evening-blue sky. He even managed to catch the outlines of the leaves of the trees, which were glowing as the setting sun hit them from the back. As for Michelangelo, his first works of art were mainly sculptures. His first sculpture was the Apollo-David, when he was sixteen years old. This is also a remarkable peace of art, mainly because he was able to turn a peace of rock in to a very realistic model of a human. The minor curves, and bumps an actual man’s body would have in Apollo’s position, were included in the statue. Every body part was in the correct position in relation to the rest of the body. The veins, and every body detail were included in the statue, which makes it significant. These two artists, both painted magnificent paints, and sculpted marvelous statues. Leonardo and Michelangelo were both great poem writers. In his poems, Da  Vinci wrote about exploring his soul, and demonstrated strong critical thinking, as well as intelligence. Michelangelo’s poems were mainly about animals, and his loved ones, one he wrote about called Elizabetha. Their curiosity, and will to improve their arts, gave them the power to dissect human bodies, of criminals, and study them. Although Leonardo studied them more thoroughly, Michelangelo also dissected them to know how the body was assembled. Michelangelo was bisexual and none of his paintings were focused upon one sex. As for Leonardo, he is also believed to be bisexual because he painted many women, and also was convicted twice of sodomizing a young seventeen year old, and spent two years in prison, which probably means he was attracted to men as well. To add to the magnificence of these two people, they were both highly skilled in architecture. Michelangelo invented a new architectural form, which solved the Renaissance problem of combining the classical columns with the modern division of storeys. Michelangelo’s giant orders became widely used. There are eight giant order pilasters on the Palazzo Conservatori, which came from Michelangelo. Also, he came up with the idea of staircases, which were used then, and are still used now. Leonardo Da Vinci however, took his architectural abilities to the edge, and created architectural monuments that surpassed his time period, and were declined in 1502 by engineers because they did not think they would work. However, on the 31st of October, 2001, a bridge was built, based upon Leonardo Da Vinci’s notes, which ere found after he passed away. The bridge worked and has a very modern shape. These two superb artists are so much alike, yet they are very different as well. Michelangelo had his very own aspects which made him a unique person. Michelangelo was a person brilliant in sculptures only. On august 4, 1983, Pope Julius II Della Rovere told Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel. Although never experienced with paint, especially fresco painting, he painted the whole ceiling by himself, standing up while most painters that painted ceilings did it lying on their backs. He asked his old friend Francesco Granacci to help him, as well as four other fresco painters. However, when he saw that they weren’t as good as he thought, and have the imagination he wanted, he dismissed them and continued by himself. All he had was two men that helped make the paint. Michelangelo was very bad at mathematics, and languages. He failed to learn how to speak Latin, which was taught to most nobles in Italy. After being taught by Ghirlandaio, he soon excelled to being even better than his teacher, and walking his own path and trying new things. Rock is one of the hardest objects to work, and craft with. However, for Michelangelo, he turned a piece of dull marble, or other rock, into a work of art. â€Å"It would be impossible to find a body showing greater mastery of art possessing more beautiful members, or a nude with more detail in the muscles. Veins, and nerves †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . His work was so amazing, you could see the veins in the hands, feet, and sometimes neck. You would also notice the areas where the skin folds, like the area behind the knee, and even the natural body curves. Michelangelo was also somewhat an architecture. He designed some monuments, that have not been proven successful, however possibly would be. He also came up with the idea of staircases which we use today. His fascination with the human body, sculpture, to a minimal extent architecture, and his will to try his own ideas, made Michelangelo Buonarroti a one of a kind artist. Leonardo Da Vinci excelled in so many areas of study and work that, unlike Michelangelo, is more like a genius. Leonardo was born twenty-three years before Michelangelo was. By the age of seventeen he was already painting magnificent paintings, and curious in the sciences and mathematic. One way to recognize a painting done by Leonardo is the hair. Leonardo makes the person’s hair angelic, smooth, almost like silk. The hair is given life, it goes through one another, and fades, then comes back. As he studied light, and its affect on how something looked, he fine-tuned his paintings abilities. Using light, he would give his paintings a more three-dimensional effect, making them seem even more alive then before. This exceptional artist also used his knowledge of mathematics to put everything into a scale, and make sure everything would seem normal, in the right size in correspondence to the other items in the paintings, and proportional. Although he might have acquired his knowledge and abilities by studying previous geniuses, he able to hold all that massive amount of knowledge, use it, imply it, research it even further and take it to a high level, and even help mankind. Da Vinci also studied nature. That helped him with his paintings which included a forest, or field or anything of that type, and he  knew what everything had to look like. He used scientific inquiry while running observations and experiments. He observed something closely, then tested that observation over and over till he knew it had to be correct. Then he drew accurately what he needed and wrote notes to himself. He published a book about the Theory of Mechanics. Volumes were written by him on many topics, such as the nature of the sun, moon and stars, and he even wrote volumes about the formation of fossils, and flight. Leonardo used his knowledge of aerodynamics to create the first flying machine, that functioned properly, as far as flying is concerned. He also invented the bicycle, a helicopter, a machine resembling a car, and many weapons for war. While he worked for the Duke of Milan, he took the role of a battle strategist and weapons engineer. His warfare creations include missiles, machine guns, grenades, mortars and tanks, and many more. However, he stopped sharing his inventions after he released the submarine, saying that all these weapons could be used for evil purposes. When his notes, and notebooks were analysed, it showed he had a spirit of scientific inquiry, and mechanical inventiveness, that was centuries ahead of his time. Somehow, he realized that it was not the sun that changed locations, but it is us, the Earth, that turns. Also, Da Vinci saw a possibility of constructing a telescope, which never happened in his lifetime, but did in ours. He called it â€Å"†¦making glasses to see the moon enlarged†. Leonardo excelled in so many things, such as anatomy, zoology, botany, geology, optics, aerodynamics, and many more†¦which is a quite significant amount of topics to be good in, only pushing him closer towards being a genius. Two men, from the same region, each the same, yet unique in their same way. Michelangelo and Leonardo have many differences, yet in the same time have many things which they share in common. Some of their interest areas are the same, yet Da Vinci has more topics which he covered in his lifetime, and stood out in. What makes these men even more outstanding is the fact that they both came from poor families, which could only afford them a regular education, while other, richer children went to better schools, and got a better education. Yet these poor men surpassed these rich people, and shone. Leonardo however was dyslexic, and often wrote backwards, and because he was illegitimate, was not allowed to enter a college. He succeeded in over six  very different topics, and even invented things to help man, and others not very useful yet show his genius. In the last years of his life, he worked for a king, and created a robot which looked like a lion, and with every two steps, its stomach opens and shows a bundle of flowers. Although it sounds simple, it definitely is not, to create a robot. Leonardo could come up with the hardest things, and also the simplest, and it is this quality, which makes him a genius, using his knowledge to help man, and extend the discoveries of proceeding men and women. Da Vinci used his ability to help everyone, not only himself. He shared his magnificent intelligence, and that, in all, makes him a genius.